How can we escape the ESKAPEs: Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and what lies ahead?

Antibiotic resistance (AMR) is a significant global health threat, predicted to cause 10 million deaths annually by 2050 without intervention. Healthcare costs and mortality rates for patients infected with AMR are higher than those with susceptible pathogens, highlighting the need for novel interventions. Expanding global research, antimicrobial stewardship, infection prevention, strict antibiotic prescription, and public education are essential for a sustainable approach to this problem. The emergence of AMR in bacteria is a natural outcome, necessitating the continuous development of innovative therapies.